Which provinces and territories have the most debt?
Servicing debt takes away much-needed funds that otherwise could be used to support programs and projects. Learn which provinces and territories have the most debt.
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EXPLORE TOPICS
Learn about Canada
GOVERNMENT
The Toronto Public Library (TPL) is more than a network of book-lending branches—it is one of the city’s most heavily used public services and a cornerstone of civic life. Learn about its funding and expenses, the scale of its branch network, and patterns of use across locations.
In 2024-2025, Ontario’s Ministry of Colleges and Universities committed $148.5 million in research funding, $90 million less than the previous year. From 2019-2020 to 2024-2025, over $772 billion was committed to early- and advanced-stage projects.
What does it cost to operate the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)?
In 2024, the TTC recorded more than 419 million passenger trips. For many Toronto residents, it’s their primary mode of transportation, getting them to and from neighbourhoods throughout the city. Explore the costs of operating such a large public transit network.
Canada's birth rate has dropped from 10.7 live births per 1,000 people in 2000 to 9.1 in 2025, while the total fertility rate has stalled at a record-low 1.26 children per woman. More women are remaining childless, and those who do become mothers are doing so later than ever
Canada recorded 372,521 births in 2025. Charlotte was the most popular girls’ name, ending Olivia’s nine-year reign, while Noah topped the boys’ list for a fifth consecutive year.
Canadian students rank among the top performers globally in science, mathematics, and reading, according to the results from the 2025 edition of PISA. However, their scores were the lowest recorded since the international assessment began in 2000. Learn more about Canada’s performance.
In 2024, the TTC recorded more than 419 million passenger trips. For many Toronto residents, it’s their primary mode of transportation getting them to and from neighbourhoods throughout the city. Explore what it costs to operate such a large public transit network.
Ontario has an extensive public transit system, serviced by 106 municipal transit authorities and two provincial transit authorities, funded by revenues from fares and subsidies from municipal, provincial, and federal governments.
Canada is a diverse country, and this is reflected in the number of different languages spoken by Canadians. In 2021, 3 in 10 Canadians reported being able to speak another language other than English or French.
ECONOMY
During the 2025 calendar year, Canada's military exports to non-U.S. destinations reached approximately $2.045 billion with Saudi Arabia as the top recipient of Canadian military exports. See where other countries rank.
Servicing debt takes away much-needed funds that otherwise could be used to support programs and projects. Learn which provinces and territories have the most debt.
In 2024-2025, the Government of Ontario collected $226.2 billion in revenue. That’s more than a $20 billion or a 10% increase from the previous year. The largest source of revenue is personal income tax which reached $55.7 billion.
HEALTH
Across Canada, healthcare spending varies by province and territory. Learn which region of Canada spends the most per capita on healthcare.
Discover what lands Canadians in the hospital most often. In 2023–2024, the top causes were childbirth, COPD/bronchitis, heart failure, pneumonia, and knee osteoarthritis.
Canada’s health care costs reached $336 billion in 2022, averaging $8,645 per person. See how spending has shifted since 1975 and what public funds cover.
Who lives the longest in Canada? In 2023, the longest life expectancies are in Quebec, Ontario, BC, while Manitoba, Newfoundland & Labrador, and Saskatchewan rank lowest.
In 2023, cancer, heart disease, and accidents were the top causes of death, accounting for over 163,000 or about 50% of the nearly 325,000 deaths that year. Cerebrovascular diseases, such as strokes and brain hemorrhages, ranked fourth, followed by chronic lower respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD.
POPULATION
ENVIRONMENT
Canada's wildland fires can affect communities, wildlife and air quality far beyond where they begin. Wildfire trends, causes and burned areas reveal that while humans start more fires, naturally caused fires account for most of the land burned.
Ontario is the only province or territory in Canada with Conservation Authorities. There are 36 across the province — 31 in southern Ontario with 5 in northern Ontario responsible for protecting land and water from natural hazards such as flooding, drought, erosion, and deforestation.
Canada is a global mining powerhouse, boasting abundant reserves of the critical minerals that underpin tomorrow’s technology. It has active mines, smelters, refineries, and a robust pipeline of advanced‑stage projects in every province and territory except Prince Edward Island.
Canada covers 9.98 million square kilometers, making it the second largest country in the world. In 2022, Canada forests made up 3.67 million square kilometers (367 million hectares), or almost 37% of the country’s total land area. These forests account for approximately 9% of the world's forests and 25% of the world’s boreal forest.
Ontario’s municipal elections have a major impact on everyday life, yet voter turnout remains significantly lower than in federal and provincial elections. See how turnout in municipal elections compares with federal and provincial elections, and which cities had the highest turnout during the 2022 elections.